Analysis and Constraint Cost Optimization for Discrete-time Queue with Bi-Level Randomized <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula"><tex-math>$(p, N_{1}, N

KUANG Xinyu, TANG Yinghui, LAN Shaojun

Journal of Systems Science and Information . 2025, (2): 274 -298 . DOI: 10.12012/JSSI-2024-0067