ISSN 2512-6660 (Online) ISSN 1478-9906 (Print)
CN 10-1192/N
CN 10-1192/N
This review article examines the relationship between health and economic development, highlighting the economic benefits of investing in health. The rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and the COVID-19 pandemic have exposed high demand for increased investment in health as well as critical gaps in the global health system, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where investments in primary healthcare and innovations in health technologies are lacking. The article emphasizes the importance of examining the economic impact of health, providing a summary of the different pathways through which health impacts the economy and reviewing various economic analyses, including a novel methodology called the health-augmented macroeconomic model (HMM) for evaluating the macroeconomic value of investing in health. The article suggests that reducing disease burdens can effectively generate sizable economic returns, and it is vital to integrate the concept of economic value in health policies and interventions.
The elevated refrigeration expenses linked to cold chain distribution contribute to increased overall logistics costs and carbon emissions. Concurrently, the sensitivity of consumers to delivery delays also impacts the design of cold chain distribution operations. This paper considers the logistics costs of cold chain, consumer time loss aversion, and the efficiency of low-carbon distribution to construct a multi-objective cold chain vehicle routing problem. It combines a decomposition-based multi-objective solution algorithm and fruit fly optimization algorithm to solve the proposed model, and validates the algorithm and model through a large number of numerical experiments. Firstly, our computations of the C-metric, IGD value, Hypervolumn, and CPU time demonstrate that the algorithm employed in this study has yielded notable advantages in terms of convergence and the overall performance of the non-dominated solutions. Secondly, we find that increasing logistics satisfaction requires a significant investment in logistics costs, thus requiring a delicate balance between logistics expenditure and service advantages. Finally, we used a typical example to analyze the size of different cost modules in cold chain distribution and find that vehicles can optimize their routes without needing to make extensive diversions to reach distant customers, ultimately leading to reduced fuel consumption and carbon emissions. Besides, the traditional assumption that a higher utilization of logistics vehicles results in increased carbon emissions and fuel usage is not universally valid. Our research contributes to the current balance between cold chain costs and consumer satisfaction in cold chain distribution. Additionally, leveraging multi-objective algorithm design, we provide feasible solutions for current cold chain delivery operations. Further, by incorporating consumer time loss aversion model, we aid in understanding the impact of consumer behavior on the design of cold chain delivery solutions.
Due to the existence of dual-role factors, it is difficult to evaluate the production efficiency of two-stage systems. Unlike single-stage systems, two-stage systems involve intermediate products that serve as both inputs and outputs. Hence, to overcome existing obstacles, we propose a novel approach called the two-stage enhanced Russell model with dual-role factors (T-ERM-D) to assess the overall efficiency of two-stage production systems. Furthermore, divisional models are developed to evaluate the efficiency of each individual stage. The 0-1 programming is applied to deal with dual-role factors. To handle the non-linearity of these models, the Charnes-Cooper transformation is employed to convert them into linear ones. Using the proposed models, we evaluate efficiency scores of 10 supply chains involving suppliers and producers. By comparing the results obtained from new models with those obtained from models that do not consider dual-role factors, we validate the advantages of the proposed approach.
Based on the panel data of 29 provincial administrative regions in China from 2011 to 2022, this study uses the entropy weighting method and the global super-efficiency SBM model to evaluate and measure the public libraries construction level and innovation efficiency in China, uses the vector autoregression model, the α convergence model and the β convergence model to evaluate and test whether there is a positive linkage effect between public libraries construction and innovation efficiency, and uses the coupling coordination model to calculate and analyze the coupling coordination degree between public libraries construction and innovation efficiency. The results show that China's public libraries construction and innovation efficiency are generally in a good development trend, but there is still a large gap from reaching a high level. There is a positive linkage effect between China's public libraries construction and innovation efficiency, which can not only promote each other's development, but also drive each other to achieve regional balanced development. The coupling coordination degree between China's public libraries construction and innovation efficiency is showing a steady upward trend, but it is still on the verge of imbalance as a whole, and the eastern region is significantly better than the central region and western region. The results reveal the positive linkage effect between public libraries construction and innovation efficiency, which has enlightenment significance for building a strong country in culture and innovation. Based on this, this study puts forward suggestions on increasing investment in public libraries construction, optimizing the configuration structure of innovation factors, and strengthening the deep integration of public libraries construction and innovation activities, so as to give full play to the positive linkage effect between public libraries construction and innovation efficiency.
The mutton industry plays a pivotal role in the animal husbandry industry of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. To better monitor the volatility movement and risk warning of mutton price, the fluctuation characteristics of mutton prices and the future trend of prices are analyzed systematically. On the one hand, the Hodrick Prescott (HP) filter method is used to analyze the long-term trends and cyclical characteristics of mutton prices in Xinjiang and explored the spatial evolution characteristics of mutton price fluctuations in various regions of Xinjiang. On the other hand, the Threshold Auto-Regressive (TAR) model is used to analyze the linkage relationship between mutton prices and the prices of other livestock products. The empirical results show that 1) the overall volatility of mutton price in Xinjiang is high, showing a trend of rising first, then falling and then rising from the temporal perspective. 2) At the regional level, the price in the south is higher than that of the north, showing a decreasing trend from south to north on the whole from the spatial viewpoint. 3) From the linkage relationship perspective, mutton and beef are complementary in the short term, but they are substitutes each other in the long term. This paper explores the characteristics of mutton price fluctuations in Xinjiang from the single time series of mutton prices and the linkage with other livestock products, which provides a reliable basis for the monitoring and risk warning of mutton price fluctuation.
This paper constructs high-quality development assessment indicators based on the perspective ternary system, including economic development, technological innovation, and ecological environment systems. Based on the data of 51 regions in the Yellow River Basin from 2010 to 2021, the economic spatial correlation relationships were constructed. By using social network analysis and the QAP method, the economic spatial correlation characteristics and the influencing factors are deconstructed. The results show that: 1) The regions exhibit significant variations in comprehensive quality and economic connectivity. Zhengzhou, Xi'an, Jinan, Luoyang, and Zibo are the top five regions. Regions with high comprehensive quality tend to have stronger economic ties. The economic links show an obvious "upstream-midstream-downstream" three-tier structure. 2) Regions such as Xi'an, Zhengzhou, Jinan, Taiyuan, Ordos, Luoyang, Baotou etc., exhibit high degree and betweenness centrality, and low closeness centrality. Those are the core regions of high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin. Block Ⅰ is the core block and spills to Block Ⅱ, Block Ⅲ, and Block Ⅳ. Block Ⅱ plays an essential bridge role to Block Ⅲ. 3) The factors of spatial adjacency, fixed asset investment, employment, informatization, and innovation are key to spatial correlation, and explain 40.5% of the spatial correlation.
